Kwalta abu ne da aka yi amfani da shi wajen gina titi, da gyarawa, da kuma gyaran hanya. An yi shi daga cakuɗaɗɗen tarawa, filler, da bitumen. Ana amfani da tsire-tsire masu haɗawa da kwalta (AMP) don samar da hot mix kwalta (HMA), wanda shine nau'in kwalta da aka fi amfani da shi wajen gina hanya. Akwai galibi nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu haɗa kwalta guda biyu:
- Batch Asphalt Mixing Plant:Batch kwalta shuke-shuke suna aiki ta hanyar haxa gungun kwalta a lokaci guda. Girman tsari yawanci tsakanin ton 4 zuwa 8 ne. Tsarin hadawa na tsari yana farawa tare da ciyarwa da bushewa na abubuwan tarawa. Daga nan sai a tantance abubuwan da aka tattara tare da auna su. Ana dumama bitumen a auna sannan a saka a cikin mahaɗin tare da aggregates da filler. Ana gauraya cakuda don ƙayyadaddun adadin lokaci sannan a fitar da shi daga mahaɗin.
- Ci gaba da Shuka Haɗin Kwalta:Ci gaba da tsire-tsire na kwalta suna aiki ta hanyar haɗa rafi na kwalta. Abubuwan tarawa, bitumen, da filler ana ciyar da su cikin mahaɗin akan ƙimar sarrafawa. Ana gauraya cakuda yayin tafiya ta cikin mahaɗin sannan a sauke daga mahaɗin.
Babban bambance-bambance tsakanin tsari da tsire-tsire masu ci gaba sun haɗa da:
- Ƙarfin samarwa:Tsirrai masu ci gaba gabaɗaya suna da ƙarfin samarwa fiye da shuke-shuken tsari.
- Daidaituwa:Tsire-tsire masu ci gaba na iya ba da ƙarin daidaiton ingancin gaurayawa saboda ci gaba da haɗawa.
- sassauci:Tsire-tsire batch suna ba da izinin sauye-sauyen girke-girke masu sauƙi da haɗa abubuwan ƙari na musamman.
- Farashin:Tsire-tsire masu ci gaba na iya zama mafi tsada don siye da aiki, amma suna ba da ajiyar kuɗi na dogon lokaci ta hanyar samarwa da inganci.
Nau'o'in tsire-tsire na cakuda kwalta guda biyu suna da wasu bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci, amma suna bin tsarin samarwa na gaba ɗaya.
Tsarin Haɗin Tsarin Shuka Kwalta
- Jimillar Ciyarwa da Tara: Abubuwan sanyi masu kama da girma daga yashi zuwa manyan duwatsu, ana kai su ga shuka kuma ana adana su a cikin kwanuka daban-daban. Girma da nau'in tara da aka yi amfani da su sun dogara ne da nufin yin amfani da haɗakar kwalta da aka gama.
- bushewa da dumama: A cikin Batch Mixing Plants, ana ciyar da tari a cikin injin busasshen rotary wanda mai ƙonawa ya zafafa. Wannan yana bushewa kuma yana dumama jimlar zuwa kusan 145-160 ° C; A cikin Cigaban Tsire-tsire masu Ci gaba, irin wannan ganga mai jujjuyawa ko jerin ƙananan busarwa suna ci gaba da bushewa kuma suna dumama adadin yayin da suke ci gaba ta cikin shuka.
- Nunawa da Ajiya mai zafi:Za a yi amfani da tari mai zafi daga na'urar bushewa ta hanyar allon girgiza don raba su zuwa girma dabam dabam. Ana adana waɗannan masu girma da yawa a cikin kwanon zafi daban-daban har sai an buƙata don haɗuwa.
- Dumama Bitumen da Ajiye: Bitumen, wakilin ɗaure a cikin kwalta, ana adana shi a cikin tankuna masu zafi kuma ana kiyaye shi a kusan 155-160°C.
- Aunawa da Daidaitawa: Ga kowane bashi, ƙididdigar da aka riga aka tsara na zafafan tarawa, bitumen da duk wani zaɓi na zaɓi kamar filler ko kayan da aka sake fa'ida ana auna su da daidaito mai tsayi.
- Hadawa: A cikin Batch Mixing Tsire-tsire ana ciyar da kayan da aka auna a cikin injin pug, babban mahaɗin kwance, inda aka haɗa su sosai don ƙayyadadden lokaci; A Ci gaba da Cakuda Tsire-tsire, kayan ana haɗa su gabaɗaya yayin da suke tafiya ta cikin ganga mai haɗawa ko injin pug.
- Ciki da Bayarwa: Ana fitar da cakuda kwalta mai zafi da aka gama daga mahaɗin ko ganga.
Ƙarin Bambance-bambancen Tsari
- Kayayyakin da aka sake fa'ida:Wasu tsire-tsire na iya haɗa kaso na titin kwalta da aka dawo da su (RAP) cikin mahaɗin don dorewa da tanadin farashi.
- Additives:Ana iya amfani da abubuwa daban-daban don haɓaka aikin haɗin kwalta, kamar polymers don haɓaka juriya ko masu gyara don ingantacciyar aiki a cikin matsanancin yanayi.
- Low-Temperature Asphalt: Also known as warm-mix asphalt (WMA), it works by modifying the traditional hot-mix asphalt production process to reduce the temperatures at which asphalt is mixed and laid.
Masana'antar hada kwalta suna da mahimmanci don ginawa da kula da hanyoyi da manyan tituna. Duk da haka, suna iya zama tushen gurɓataccen iska, musamman ƙura. Fitar kura daga tsire-tsire na kwalta na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli. Kamfanonin hada kwalta yawanci suna cikin iyakokin birni ko kuma a cikin manyan birane, kuma matsalolin kura da ke da alaƙa suna da damuwa ga hukumomi, jama'a, da masu sarrafa shuka. Yanzu ana amfani da ka'idojin kula da gurɓataccen iska a duk duniya, da yawa suna da takamaiman ƙa'idodi waɗanda ke da nufin wannan aiki na musamman, kuma babu wani sabon shuka da aka girka a yau ba tare da takamaiman tanadi na sarrafa ƙura ba. Har ila yau, karuwar buƙatar kayan aikin gyaran kwalta yana nufin cewa fiye da matsakaicin ƙoƙari dole ne a kashe wajen sarrafa ƙurar ƙura daga tsire-tsire masu haɗa kwalta.
