Asfalt ni ibikoresho byinshi byo gutunganya bikoreshwa mu kubaka umuhanda, kubungabunga, no gusana. Ikozwe mu ruvange rwa agregate, yuzuza, na bitumen. Kuvanga ibihingwa bya asfalt (AMP) bikoreshwa mukubyara asfalt ishyushye (HMA), nubwoko busanzwe bwa asfalt bukoreshwa mukubaka umuhanda. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwibiti bivangwa na asfalt:
- Gufata Asfalt Ivanga Uruganda:Ibiti bya asfalt bikora bivanga igice kimwe cya asfalt icyarimwe. Ingano yicyiciro mubisanzwe iri hagati ya toni 4 na 8. Icyiciro cyo kuvanga icyiciro gitangirana no kugaburira no gukama hamwe. Igiteranyo noneho kirasuzumwa kandi gipimwa. Bitumen irashyuha ikapimwa hanyuma ikongerwaho kuvanga hamwe hamwe hamwe nuwuzuza. Uruvange ruvanze mugihe cyateganijwe mbere hanyuma rusohoka muri mixer.
- Gukomeza kuvanga Asfalt Uruganda:Ibimera bikomeza bya asfalt bikora bivanga imigezi ikomeza ya asfalt. Igiteranyo, bitumen, hamwe nuwuzuza bigaburirwa muri mixer ku gipimo cyagenwe. Uruvange ruvanze nkuko runyura muri mixer hanyuma rugasohoka ruvanze.
Itandukaniro ryibanze hagati yicyiciro no gukomeza kuvanga ibihingwa birimo:
- Ubushobozi bw'umusaruro:Ibihingwa bikomeza muri rusange bifite ubushobozi bwo kubyara umusaruro kuruta ibihingwa.
- Guhoraho:Ibimera bikomeza birashobora gutanga ubuziranenge buvanze bitewe no gukomeza kuvanga.
- Guhinduka:Ibimera bifasha kwemerera guhinduka byoroshye no gushyiramo inyongeramusaruro yihariye.
- Igiciro:Ibihingwa bikomeza birashobora kubahenze kugura no gukora, ariko bitanga ikiguzi cyigihe kirekire binyuze mumusaruro mwinshi kandi neza.
Ubwoko bubiri bwivanga rya asfalt bifite itandukaniro ryingenzi, ariko bikurikiza inzira rusange yumusaruro.
Uburyo bwo kuvanga ibihingwa bya asfalt
- Kugaburira hamwe Kugaburira: Igiteranyo gikonje, gifite ubunini kuva ku mucanga kugeza ku rutare runini, bigezwa ku gihingwa kandi bikabikwa mu bigega bitandukanye. Ingano nubwoko bwa agregate yakoreshejwe biterwa nigikorwa cyo gukoresha ivanze rya asfalt irangiye.
- Kuma no gushyushya: Muri Batch Ivanga Ibimera, igiteranyo kigaburirwa ingoma yumye izengurutswe na firime. Ibi byumye kandi bishyushya igiteranyo cya 145-160 ° C; Muburyo bwo Kuvanga Ibimera, ingoma isa nizunguruka cyangwa urukurikirane rwibikoresho bito byumye bikomeza byuma kandi bigashyushya igiteranyo uko kigenda kinyura mubihingwa.
- Kugaragaza no Kubika Bishyushye:Igiteranyo gishyushye kiva kumashanyarazi noneho kinyuzwa mumashusho yinyeganyeza kugirango ubatandukanye mubunini butandukanye. Ingano nini yabitswe mububiko butandukanye bushyushye kugeza bikenewe kuvangwa.
- Gushyushya Bitumen no Kubika: Bitumen, umukozi uhuza asifalt, abikwa mu bigega bishyushye kandi bigakomeza hafi ya 155-160 ° C.
- Gupima no Kugereranya: Kuri buri cyiciro, ibipimo byateguwe mbere yikigereranyo gishyushye, bitumen, nibindi byose byongeweho nkuzuza cyangwa ibikoresho bitunganijwe bipimwa neza.
- Kuvanga: Muri Batch Ivanga Ibimera ibikoresho byapimwe bigaburirwa mu ruganda rwa pug, uruvange runini rutambitse, aho ruvanze neza mugihe cyagenwe; Muburyo bwo Kuvanga Ibimera, ibikoresho bivangwa ubudahwema mugihe bigenda binyuze mu kuvanga ingoma cyangwa urusyo.
- Gusohora no Gutanga: Uruvange rushyushye rwa asfalt noneho rusohoka ruvanze cyangwa ingoma.
Inzira zinyuranye zitandukanye
- Ibikoresho bisubirwamo:Ibihingwa bimwe birashobora kwinjiza ijanisha rya asfalt yagaruwe (RAP) mukuvanga kuramba no kuzigama ibiciro.
- Inyongera:Inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye zirashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere imikorere yimvange ya asfalt, nka polymers yo kongera imbaraga zo guhangana cyangwa guhindura kugirango imikorere myiza mubihe bikabije.
- Asphalt-Ubushyuhe buke: Bizwi kandi nka asfalt-ivanze na asfalt (WMA), ikora muguhindura uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvanga asfalt bwo gukora kugirango igabanye ubushyuhe asifalt ivangwa kandi igashyirwaho.
Ivangavanga rya asfalt ningirakamaro mu kubaka no gufata neza imihanda n’imihanda. Nyamara, zirashobora kandi kuba isoko yingenzi yo guhumanya ikirere, cyane cyane umukungugu. Imyanda iva mu bimera bya asfalt irashobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bwabantu no ku bidukikije. Ibimera bivangwa na asfalt mubisanzwe biherereye mumipaka yumujyi cyangwa mumijyi myinshi, kandi ibibazo byumukungugu bifitanye isano bireba abayobozi, rubanda rusanzwe, nabakora inganda. Amategeko yo kurwanya ihumana ry’ikirere ubu arimo gukurikizwa ku isi hose, menshi afite amabwiriza yihariye agamije iki gikorwa cyihariye, kandi nta gihingwa gishya cyashyizweho uyu munsi nta tegeko ryihariye ryo kugenzura ibyuka bihumanya. Na none, kwiyongera kwinshi kubikoresho bivangwa na asfalt bivuze ko imbaraga zirenze izigomba gukoreshwa muguhashya imyuka iva mu bimera bivangwa na asfalt.
