I-Asphalt iyinto eguquguqukayo yokugandaywa esetshenziswa ekwakhiweni komgwaqo, ekulungiseni nasekulungiseni. Yenziwe ngengxube yama-aggregates, i-filler nebitumen. Izitshalo zokuxuba i-asphalt (AMP) zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-hot mix asphalt (HMA), okuwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwetiyela elisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni komgwaqo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezitshalo zokuxuba i-asphalt:
- I-Batch Asphalt Mixing Plant:Izitshalo ze-asphalt zeqoqo zisebenza ngokuxuba inqwaba yetiyela ngesikhathi. Usayizi weqoqo ngokuvamile uphakathi kwamathani angu-4 no-8. Inqubo yokuxuba inqwaba iqala ngokuphakelwa nokomiswa kwama-aggregates. Khona-ke ama-aggregate ayahlolwa futhi akalwe. Ibitumen iyashiswa futhi ikalwe bese yengezwa ku-mixer kanye nama-aggregates nokugcwalisa. Ingxube ixutshwa isikhathi esinqunyiwe bese ikhishwa ku-mixer.
- Isitshalo Esiqhubekayo Sokuxuba I-Asphalt:Izitshalo ze-asphalt eziqhubekayo zisebenza ngokuxuba umfudlana oqhubekayo we-asphalt. Ama-aggregate, itiyela, nesigcwalisi kufakwa ku-mixer ngenani elilawulwayo. Ingxube iyaxutshwa njengoba ihamba nge-mixer bese ikhishwa ku-mixer.
Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwe-batch kanye nezitshalo ezihlanganisayo eziqhubekayo zihlanganisa:
- Amandla Okukhiqiza:Izitshalo eziqhubekayo ngokuvamile zinamandla okukhiqiza aphezulu kunezitshalo zeqoqo.
- Ukuvumelana:Izitshalo eziqhubekayo zinganikeza ikhwalithi yengxube engaguquki ngenxa yokuxuba okuqhubekayo.
- Ukuvumelana nezimo:Izitshalo zeqoqo zivumela izinguquko zeresiphi ezilula kanye nokufakwa kwezithasiselo ezikhethekile.
- Izindleko:Izitshalo eziqhubekayo zingabiza kakhulu ukuzithenga nokusebenza, kodwa zinikeza ukonga izindleko zesikhathi eside ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zezitshalo zokuxuba i-asphalt zinokuhluka okuthile okubalulekile, kodwa zilandela inqubo efanayo yokukhiqiza evamile.
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza Izitshalo Zokuxuba I-Asphalt
- Ukondla Okuhlanganisiwe Nokugcinwa Kwempahla: Ama-cold aggregate, asukela ngosayizi ukusuka esihlabathini kuya ematsheni amakhulu, alethwa esitshalweni futhi agcinwe emigqonyeni ehlukene. Ubukhulu nohlobo lwe-aggregate esetshenzisiwe incike ekusetshenzisweni okuhlosiwe kwengxube ye-asphalt eqediwe.
- Ukomisa nokushisisa: Ku-Batch Mixing Plants, ama-aggregate afakwa esigubhini esomisayo esishisisa i-burner. Lokhu komisa futhi kushise ama-aggregate cishe ku-145-160°C; Ku-Continuous Mixing Plants, isigubhu esizungezayo esifanayo noma uchungechunge lwezomiso ezincane luqhubeka nokoma futhi lushise ama-aggregate njengoba luqhubeka phakathi kwesitshalo.
- Ukuhlola kanye Nesitoreji Esishisayo:Ama-aggregate ashisayo asuka kumshini wokomisa abe esedluliswa ezikrinini ezidlidlizayo ukuze azihlukanise ngosayizi abahlukene. Lezi zilinganiso ezinosayizi zigcinwa emigqonyeni ehlukene eshisayo kuze kube yilapho kudingeka ukuxutshwa.
- Ukushisisa Ibitumen Nesitoreji: Ibitumeni, i-ejenti ebophayo ku-asphalt, igcinwa emathangeni afudumalayo futhi inakekelwa cishe ku-155-160°C.
- Isisindo kanye nokulinganisa: Eqeqebeni ngalinye, izilinganiso ezihlelwe ngaphambilini zama-hot aggregates, bitumen, kanye nanoma yiziphi izithasiselo ozikhethela zona njenge-filler noma izinto ezigaywe kabusha zikalwa ngokunemba okuphezulu.
- Ukuxuba: Ku-Batch Mixing Plants izinto ezikaliwe zifakwa kumshini wokugaya, ingxube enkulu evundlile, lapho zihlanganiswa kahle isikhathi esithile; Ku-Continuous Mixing Plants, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zihlanganiswa ngokuqhubekayo ngenkathi zihamba ngesigubhu sokuxuba noma isigayo se-pug.
- Ukukhipha kanye Nokulethwa: Ingxube ye-asphalt eshisayo eqediwe bese ikhishwa ku-mixer noma isigubhu.
Ukwehluka Kwenqubo Eyengeziwe
- Izinto Ezigaywe Kabusha:Ezinye izitshalo zingahlanganisa iphesenti lokugandaywa kwetiyela elibuyiselwe kabusha (i-RAP) ekuhlanganiseni ukuze kusimame nokongiwe.
- Izithasiselo:Izithasiselo ezihlukahlukene zingasetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwengxube yetiyela, njengama-polymers ukuze kukhushulwe ukumelana nokuqhekeka noma izishintshi ukuze kusebenze kangcono ezimeni zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu.
- I-Low-Temperature Asphalt: Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-asphalt exutshwe ngokufudumele (i-WMA), isebenza ngokulungisa inqubo yokukhiqiza itiyela yengxube eshisayo ukuze kwehliswe amazinga okushisa lapho itiyela lixutshwa futhi libekwe khona.
Izitshalo zokuxuba itiyela zibalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekugcinweni kwemigwaqo nemigwaqo emikhulu. Kodwa-ke, zingaba futhi umthombo obalulekile wokungcoliswa komoya, ikakhulukazi uthuli. Ukukhishwa kwezintuli ezitshalweni zetiyela kungaba nomthelela omubi empilweni yomuntu kanye nemvelo. Izitshalo zokuxuba itiyela ngokuvamile zitholakala ngaphakathi kwemingcele yedolobha noma ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni kakhulu, futhi izinkinga zothuli ezihlobene zikhathaza iziphathimandla, umphakathi jikelele, kanye nabaqhubi bezitshalo. Izimiso zokulawula ukungcoliswa komoya manje seziyamukelwa emhlabeni wonke, eziningi zinemithetho ethile eqondiswe kulo msebenzi othile, futhi asikho isitshalo esisha esifakiwe namuhla ngaphandle kwelungiselelo elithile lokulawula ukukhishwa kwezintuli. Futhi, isidingo esikhulayo sezinto ezixubene ne-asphalt paving sisho ukuthi umzamo ongaphezu kwesilinganiso kufanele usetshenziswe ekulawuleni ukukhishwa kothuli oluvela ezitshalweni zokuxuba itiyela.
