Uma ubuza lokho, cishe usuvele ukhungathekile. Wonke umuntu ufuna inombolo elula, kodwa impendulo yangempela: kuncike. Futhi lokho akulona iphoyisa—yinto yokuqala oyifundayo ngemva kokubona amaphrojekthi ayishumi nambili eya eceleni ngoba othile wenze isabelomali ngenani lezitikha zomshini ngokwawo. Iphutha elikhulu kunawo wonke? Ukucabanga ithegi yentengo ku- isitshalo se-asphalt yisamba sezindleko. Kufana nokuthenga imoto bese ukhohlwa ukuthi udinga uphethiloli, umshwalense kanye nendawo yokuyipaka.
Ukuhlukanisa Kuncike
Ake siqale ngomthamo. Isitshalo esiphathwayo esingu-80-tph siwumkhathi ohlukile endaweni emile engu-320-tph. Ngike ngabona abafana bethenga isitshalo esincane becabanga ukuthi bazokonga imali, bese beminyanisa ukukhiqizwa kwabo emsebenzini womgwaqo omkhulu. Umehluko wentengo lapha ungasuka, uthi, u-$300,000 uye ngaphezu kuka-$2 wezigidi zemishini eyinhloko. Kodwa umthamo wodwa uwugibe.
Ukucushwa yilapho izinqumo zangempela zenzeka khona. Isitshalo seqoqo ngokumelene nokuxubana kwezigubhu? I-Parallel flow vs. counterflow drum? Ukukhetha lapha akukhona nje mayelana intengo yesitshalo se-asphalt; imayelana nemininingwane yendawo kanye nemithetho yokukhipha. Isigubhu se-counterflow singase sibe nezindleko eziphezulu zokuqala, kodwa uma usebenzisana nezihlanganisi ezinomswakama ophezulu, ukonga uphethiloli ekomisweni kungakufakazela lokho ezinyangeni eziyi-18. Lokho kubala okwenzayo endaweni, hhayi encwajaneni.
Bese kuba nohlu lwezinketho—okuvame ukuba yizidingo. Isistimu yokudla okubandayo, i-baghouse noma i-scrubber emanzi yokuqoqa uthuli, i-hot mix silo, ikhabethe lokulawula elinezinga lokuzenzekelayo olidingayo. Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi lapho sathatha khona umthamo womgqomo wokuphakelayo obandayo. Kugcine ngokumiswa njalo ngoba abalayishi abakwazanga ukuqhubeka, babulale okukhiphayo kwethu okusebenzayo. Lokho kulondoloza kusibize kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuphumula kunalokho ukuthuthukiswa obekungaba nakho.
Iziphindaphinda Ezifihliwe Ngalé Komshini
Lena ingxenye engcwatshwayo. Umsebenzi wesisekelo. Ama-hookups kagesi. Uma ungekho kugridi enamandla anele, ubheka ama-transformer noma ama-generator. Embonini ephakathi nendawo, umsebenzi womphakathi nogesi ungangeza kalula u-30-50% ezindlekweni zemishini. Ngake ngabona isiza lapho ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi kwakungenele, okuholela ekuklanyweni kabusha, isisekelo esibiza kakhulu phakathi nokufakwa. Lokho kwasichitha isabelomali ngokuphelele.
Logistics kanye nokufakwa. Uma ungenisa, izimpahla, umshwalense, kanye nentela yezimpahla zinkulu. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga izisebenzi ezinekhono ukuze uyimise. Abanye abahlinzeki banikeza ukugada, abanye abakwenzi. Intengo evela kumkhiqizi efana I-Taian Yueshou Mixing Equipment Co., Ltd. ingase ibukeke ikhanga ephepheni, kodwa kufanele ucabangele ukuyithola embonini yabo e-Taian, eShandong iye kusayithi lakho. Isikali sabo—naleso sikhungo semitha-skwele esingu-110,000—sisho ukuthi bangakha futhi bahlole amayunithi amakhulu, kodwa kusafanele uwususe.
Izindleko zokusebenza ziyingxenye yentengo yesikhathi eside. Ukusebenza kahle kwamafutha e-burner, ukutholakala kwezingxenye zokugqoka, ijika lokufunda lesistimu yokulawula. Isitshalo esishibhile singaba nesishisi esisebenza kancane, sishise udizili owengeziwe ngethani ngalinye lengxube. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lowo mehluko ukhokhela ukuthuthukiswa okuningi.
Izinombolo Zangempela Ezisuka Ensimini (Hhayi Ikhathalogi)
Nali uhlu olunzima, olungemuva kwemvilophu kusukela eminyakeni yamuva. Isitshalo semigqomo esincane esiphathekayo (80-120 tph) singahlala phakathi kuka-$300,000 no-$600,000 we-FOB. Isitshalo seqoqo esijwayelekile esingu-160-200 tph, esihlome ngokuphelele nge-baghouse ehloniphekile kanye ne-automation eyisisekelo, ngokuvamile ihlala ku-$1M ukuya ku-$1.8M ububanzi. Izitshalo ezimile ezinkulu, ezine-high-spec (250 tph+) zingasuka ku-$2M ziye ku-$5M nangaphezulu. Lezi ngezempahla yephakheji elungele ukuthunyelwa.
Kodwa intengo ye-turnkey-elungele ukukhiqiza-ihlukile. Ngesitshalo esingu-200tph, angivamile ukwenza ibhajethi engaphansi kuka-$1.5M ukuya ku-$2.5M yonke indawo, kuye ngezimo zesayithi. Lokho kuhlanganisa ukhonkolo, izintambo, ukumiswa, nezipele zokuqala. Inkampani enolwazi olunzulu, njengo-Taian Yueshou oshiwo, izibonile lezi zimo. Ukuba nabasebenzi abangaphezu kwe-1200 kanye namamitha-skwele angama-90,000 wendawo yokusebenzela kuphakamisa ukuthi baphathe ubunjiniyela bamaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi, angavimbela ezinye izindleko ezifihliwe, kodwa izici eziqondene nesayithi zihlala zikuwe.
Icala elanginamathela: usonkontileka uthenge imboni yase-Europe eshibhile. Iyunithi ngokwayo yayilungile, kodwa konke ukulungiswa okuncane kwakudinga izingxenye zokuthutha umoya kanye nokundiza okukhethekile. Izindleko zesikhathi sokuphumula zaziyinhlekelele. I intengo yezitshalo yayiphansi, kodwa izindleko-ngethani phakathi kweminyaka emithathu zazimba eqolo. Ngakho-ke, inethiwekhi yosekelo yomphakeli wakho ibaluleke kakhulu.
Kungani Kushibhile Kuyimpendulo Ebiza Kakhulu
Imakethe igcwele izinketho. Izingcaphuno ezishibhe kakhulu ngokuvamile zisho ukuthi kukhona okushodayo: mhlawumbe ubukhulu bensimbi bulula, amamotho ayi-spec engajwayelekile, noma uhlelo lokuqoqa uthuli lungaphansi. Ngike ngadlula izitshalo lapho amaphaneli angaphandle ayedlidliza ngokuxekethile ngenxa yokuthi ifreyimu yayingaqinile ngokwanele—uphawu olucacile lokunciphisa izindleko ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo.
Imayelana nezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi. Isitshalo esiqinile esivela kumenzi oqavile singase sibe nezindleko eziphakeme ngo-15-20%. Kodwa uma isebenzisa u-95% wokutholakala uma iqhathaniswa no-80% kweshibhile, futhi isebenzisa uphethiloli ongaphansi ngo-10%, ukubuyisela kuyashesha. Uthenga ukukhiqiza, hhayi nje insimbi. Ukuhlola umlando wenkampani—njengokubona owasungulwa ngeminyaka yawo-1990s—kunikeza umkhondo mayelana nokusebenza kwayo kwesikhathi eside nokusekelwa kwezingxenye.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi, hlala uthola ukuhlukaniswa okuningiliziwe. Hhayi nje i-Drum Mix Plant – $XXX. Cela ukucaphuna ukuze ufake kuhlu uhlobo lomshini wokushisisa, i-fan motor KW, indawo yesihlungi se-baghouse, ileveli yesofthiwe yesistimu yokulawula, nalokho okufakwe ekufakweni. Lolu hlu ngokwalo luzokutshela kabanzi mayelana nokwangempela isitshalo sokuxuba i-asphalt intengo kunomugqa ophansi.
Iqiniso Lokugcina, Elinganelisi
Ngakho-ke, yizindleko ezinkulu kanye nezindleko zokuyenza isebenze, kanye nezindleko zokuyiqhuba ngendlela enokwethenjelwa ngezidingo zakho ezithile ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo. Ayikho inombolo eyodwa.
Umnyakazo ohlakaniphile uwukuchaza iphrojekthi yakho kuqala: amathani adingekayo ngonyaka, izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe, imikhawulo yokukhipha umoya, indawo etholakalayo, nokuhamba okuhlosiwe. Bese, thola izingcaphuno zezixazululo eziphelele, hhayi nje okokusebenza. Xhumana nonjiniyela abakubuza le mibuzo kuqala.
Bheka izinkampani ezingakukhombisa izibonelo zokusebenza, hhayi amakhathalogi kuphela. Ukuvakashela indawo yokukhiqiza, njengendawo enkulu esebenza i-Taian Yueshou, kungadalula okuningi mayelana nekhwalithi yokwakha kanye nekhono. Ekugcineni, awugcini nje ngokuthenga umshini; utshala imali ohlelweni lokukhiqiza. Intengo yalelo sistimu, hhayi i-invoyisi. Lokho kuguquguquka ekucabangeni yikhona okuhlukanisa iphrojekthi eyinkinga nenenzuzo.
